WISCONSIN

HORTICULTURE

Volume XI                Madison, Wisconsin, January, 1921                  Number 5

Annual Convention, Madison, January 11-13, 1921

Soldier Memorials

Shall we plant trees as memorials to our soldier dead? Much lias been written on this theme of late but mostly by sentimentalists and others who know little or nothing about trees.

Memorials are established, not for ourselves, not for this generation but for those who will follow us. We who are now living know and can well recall, also too well, the lives and deeds of those who died that we might the better live. We want to leave to future generations something that will serve not only to perpetuate the brave deeds of our soldier boys, but to teach the youth of this and other generations a greater love of country and a reverence for our flag, the symbol of Freedom.

Will a tree do this? Would not imperishable bronze or granite better serve the purpose if fashioned after the art of the sculptor?

Or a building constructed to endure for centuries into which could be brought records, rolls of honor and all else that show how men die for an ideal ?

To plant a tree for each of our soldier dead is an appealing plan, for could we not. twenty-five or fifty years from now. rest under its branches, say this is his tree : All this and more appeals to every one and it is indeed a beautiful thought. But how about those who follow us, one hundred years from now, for are we not planning a memorial?

Of all the trees, in Wisconsin. and this is meant for Wisconsin readers only, there are few or none that can be expected to survive one hundred years, for trees like people grow from youth to old age and die. Trees reach a stage of maturity beyond which they persist for a greater or lesser time, then fall prey to their enemies.

Botanists, and perhaps horticulturists, will say that there is no limit to the life of a tree, that it may, theoretically, grow forever. While this may be true yet experience and common sense prove that trees either in the forest or in artificial planting are, comparatively speaking. evanescent. We plant today in a park, which lies on the outskirts of our home city, an avenue of elms or maples; the site is away from smoke and far beyond the deadly gas mains, an ideal spot for trees. Within a quarter of a century, just when these trees are coming to their fullest beauty the city, like some great Python, has encircled our park and is crushing the life out of it. Perhaps the tree we planted for our boy was the first to die. The true lover of trees knows too well its enemies and knows that only by eternal vigilance can the tree he loves be saved from its enemies. Even tho he drives away the insects and heals the wounds left by disease may not the winds of heaven lay it low ?

Let. us not be carried away wholly by sentiment or our love of trees but rather consider seriously how we can best establish a lasting memorial.

Of the pests which attack trees Dr. S- B. Fracker has the following to say:

“Wisconsin at the present time is remarkably free from diseases and pests attacking shade trees. Her tussock moth and eanker worm attacks are slight compared to the insect problems of the eastern and southern states. The elm leaf-beetle which annually destroys the beauty of elms in New York state, while slowly working westward, has not reached us yet. and thus far we have avoided those all conquering pests, par excellence, the gipsy and browntail moths.

But even so it will take Wisconsin cities long to recover from effects of the cottony maple scale outbreak three to five years ago and the insects may increase to injurious numbers again at any time.

One of the most beautiful trees for planting in parks and cities is the birch, but it can no longer be recommended by landscape architects because of its short life. This is due to the bronze birch borer which first attacked in dangerous numbers about 1912.

One of the most puzzling of all conditions is the manner in which elms, mostly young trees but. to a less extent thirty to forty year old ones also, will mysteriously and gradually but persistently die. This has been investigated in many Mississippi valley states and has been blamed on all sorts of physiological causes from leaky gas mains to too wet or too dry a soil. This summer a fungus (elm eanker') has been

( Program and Premium List, December Wisconsin Horticulture

found in the dying trees which may prove to be responsible for the entire loss. In Madison and nearby cities the damage from this cause is very heavy.

If the owner of a fine lawn has a group of oaks, he is usually very proud of them and values them above all his other trees. One can therefore well imagine his grief at the rapid demise whieh follows their infection with the honey-mushroom fungus (Ar-millaria mellea). Two such eases have recenty come up in Dane county in whieh the appearance of very fine lawns has been spoiled by the premature death of several fine oak trees-

If one hopes to avoid such misfortunes by planting more rapidly growing and less desirable trees such as box elder, poplar, or willow, he finds himself no better off because they are even shorter lived. If the latter two survive the poplar w’eevil in the nursery, they have other and more persistent fates awaiting them.

The two common trees, least subject to attack by insects and disease in Wisconsin at the present time, arc the Norway maple and the basswood. A few insects will feed on them or bore within the trunk but the results are usually not fatal.’’

The following item from a daily paper of late date shows what may happen to historic trees:

OI.D "MORSE elm” SOON TO BE Cl'T

Washington—Another Washington landmark is near destruction.

The old ‘‘Morse Elm” under whose shade Samuel F. B. Morse used to spend his leisure hours while working on his invention of the telegraph will soon be removed.

The tree was planted in 1820 in front of the Old Willard Hotel.

Since those days the old hotel has been replaced by a modern eleven story hostelry. Morse, whose invention came true in 1844, died in 1872- But the tree has remained.

But it is now in its death-hour in spite of many operations of “tree-surgery” and all known appliances of “tree medicine” practiced by Washington’s superintendent of city parks.

In view of ithe impermanence of trees should we plant them as memorials?

F. C.

County Park Systems

Bv John A. Hazelwood, Chairman, Wisconsin Highway Commission

The history of the origin and purpose of parks deserves consideration. The story of park development ought to be interesting. We appreciate, in a measure, the value and importance of city, state, and national parks, but I feel certain too few of us realize the need and importance of county systems of parks.

No state in the nation offers a better field for the development of an adequate system of parks than Wisconsin. We have the areas, the scenic hilltops and valleys, the historic places, and a climate unexcelled anywhere.

National Parks of the United States

The national parks of the United States have no equals in scenic beauty and natural wonder anywhere in the world. Take our great Western parks, study them, look the world over, and you will appreciate in part what America has accomplished in park building in less than a century.

Our State Parks

Wisconsin has displayed a broad vision in securing areas of land and water, beauty spots, as great state parks. We have eight state parks in our system, many of which have had little money expended on them for improvement. They are largely as Nature left them and as we found them. The principal state parks are Devils Lake, St. Croix Falls. Nelson Dewey, and Door County. All of these are scenic places of the state. There is no occasion for adverse criticism of the state for not developing our park areas. This can be done in later years, as means can be afforded, and as demands and conditions warrant.

Municipal Parks

If you visit Chicago, or any large city for any length of time, your city friends will not tell you to go home, but they will invite and take you back to the country,—the parks, for it is known that there you get in touch with the real Nature in all its beauty and glory. Here you

Capitol Hotel, Headquarters for Delegates

can enjoy the wild flora and fauna. Here it is you get a message, a contribution direct from Mother Earth, which refreshes you and frees you from the veneer, the artificiality you have pressing on your mind in the homes, the offices, and the factory.

Cities Vie With Each Other

Cities give great attention and spend enormous sums of money on their park systems. Those cities, such as Baltimore, St. Louis, and Minneapolis which have expended most liberally in the park systems, attribute their splendid growth and development in a great measure to the fact that they have emphasized park development.

The importance of a good system of municipal parks is appreciated by every progressive, up-to-date community. The value of parks as breathing places, recreational fields needs no debate. The old and young enjoy the advantages of a beautiful park. There is no place where the tired mind and weary body can be so refreshed and invigorated as out among trees, flowers, and shrubs of a park.

State Trunk Highways

Wisconsin has built up a splendid system of well constructed, well maintained, and well marked state trunk highways. Over these highways travelers and tourists are passing each year in ever increasing numbers. This has become the greatest tourist state in the Middle West. It is the playground for millions of tired souls and weary bodies. Our tourists travel about our state over our highways for rest and recreation. Our own citizens are the principal users of our roads, and our own people are appreciating the highway improvements, our scenic drives, our historic places, our camping sites, and our beautiful summer and autumn climate.

County Park Systems Needed

Just as the nation, the states, and the cities have been brought to value and appreciate systems of parks, just so must we come to realize the need and importance of systems of county parks. National and state parks do not supply all the needs of citizens of the cities. No. Nor do state and city parks furnish all the needs of citizens of counties. Therefore, we need to help counties establish adequate systems of parks.

We have provided in each county, a Rural Planning Committee, which is none other than a County Park Board. We must in some way put more life into these committees. These committees have large powers, in that they may accept title to property suitable for wood lots, camping sites, etc. Of course this County Park Board may purchase lake shore and river bank property, ravines, hill tops, etc., suitable for park purposes. The question of money with which to buy is one needing and deserving attention.

Movement Needs Support

It is not money alone that is needed. There must be an awakening. Our legislature must provide means for arousing an interest in the movement. There is need of men who can go out in the field and promote the idea that we need areas for county park purposes.

In fact, there is need for 1,000 county parks in Wisconsin. It is believed that half of that number can be obtained gratis if we had a good field man or men, to go about the state and show* up the importance and value of county parks to our citizens. Many sites on lake shore and river banks are needed immediately in southern Wisconsin, but it is almost impossible to get a public entrance to many lakes. —all shore line has been grabbed up for private use.

Get Titles Now

Now is the time to get title in the public for all lake shore and river bank property in northern Wisconsin. It is obtainable for a song or a nominal :um. Some day we shall find conditions for getting hold of beautiful lake and river views just as difficult in the north as it is now in the southern part of the state. Why, beautiful Lake Geneva is practically denied to the public. Owners’ signs of “Private Property,” “Don’t Trespass,” “Keep Out” stare you in the face on every hand. People d₀ not like to trespass. We are naturally law-abiding. We must get title

Annual Convention, January II th to 13th, 1921

of needed property for our people out of private hands and back to the public.

One Thousand County Parks Needed

The movement to secure from ten to twenty-five parks, wood lots, or camping sites in every county in Wisconsin is reasonable and worth while, and deserves the support of all who are interested in the welfare of people, state, and nation.

It is possible to make a system of county parks almost continuous, if attention is given to roadside improvement. The sides of roads are important parts of the highways, because the eye, the ear, and the nose are always working as we travel over highways of life.

The Wisconsin Highway Commission has urged the wild shrubbery now along our highways when not in line of vision and not in the way of traffic shoujd be protected and preserved. There is nothing more beautiful than the Autumn leaves on trees and shrubbery, in valleys, on hills, and along roadways.

Roadside Planting

Yes, it would pay Wisconsin citizens not only to preserve the trees and shrubbery along our highways and in county parks, but it would profit the state much if a scientific program of roadside planting of trees, shrubs, and flowers could be worked out and carried out.

There are areas along the travel tracks of the roads to grow an abundance of fruit, berries, and nuts. All that is needed is an organized eifort in the matter. While we work out our system of county parks, let us arrange to carry along a system of roadside beautification.

Let us get back of the county park movement, and put a comprehensive program across. All counties need a system of parks. Places along highways where springs are found should be turned over to the public for general use. Springs will save the trouble of drilling wells for water when park development takes place.

The fact is we need not worry about improvement, or money for development, at this stage. Let us get title back from private hands into the public at this time. A man could not furnish a more suitable and permanent monument than to leave a few acres of county park bearing his name for all time. We observe many otherwise practical people putting $100, $500, and even $1,000 in granite or marble monuments to be hidden away and seldom looked at, in a secluded cemetery. Why, better a thousand times, spend a few hundred dollars and get an Olson County Park, a Jones County Park, or whomsoever’s name it is desired to perpetuate.

Bryant mentions the fact in one of his poems, “The Forest,” that “The groves were God’s first temples.” Wisconsin should lose no time in preserving and maintaining these holy places for county parks.

The next legislature should do at least two important things to encourage counties to start county park systems. In the first place, fifteen thousand dollars should be appropriated to the State Rural Commissioner for the purpose of employing promoters, organizers, and landscape engineers to help county park boards perform their duties as set forth in the Rural Planning Act. Only 36 counties have thus far organized their committees. The state law provides that all counties must complete organization of county park boards.

The State Rural Planning Commissioner has no funds at all. He realizes the need of stimulating the rural planning committees to activities, but has no means or men with whieh to vitalize the county park boards.

In the second place, the legislature should appropriate at least one hundred thousand dollars to aid counties on a fifty-fifty basis to purchase camp sites, historic places, and county parks. State aid has done wonders in building up our high schools, our graded schools, our country schools, our county fairs, and our good roads. It would help Wisconsin to establish an adequate system of county parks. The money should be distributed for county park purposes on the basis of area, population, assessed valuation, and state trunk highway mileage. Counties would gladly accept the aid by making an equal appropriation, providing the act would make counties lose the money if nothing is done.

Firm, Persistent or Stubborn?

Oak Holler, Wis.

My Dear Friends:

Queer, isn’t it, how some little incident will bring back memories of your childhood days? One of my neighbors has just been telling me about her boy. He thinks he’d like to be a farmer so every Friday evening he walks out to a big stock farm near the city where he works until Monday morning. He enjoys it so much, so his mother says, but his father is angry, he doesn't want his boy to be a farmer, he wants him to be a lawyer. The boy insists he has agreed to stay for a certain time. His father says he is so stubborn. Well, I don’t know whether that boy is going to be a farmer or a lawyer, but I'm banking on this fact—his sticking to his job isn’t going to hurt him in future years.

Made me think how I sat in the boiling sun one whole day and picked currants just because I heard an aunt of mine tell grandmother she guessed I wouldn’t pick very long after the sun got hot. You see, grandmother was going to pick currants that morning and I had offered to help. Of course when you are eight years old you are a great help—at least you think you are, and I was never so happy as when I was helping grandmother in her wonderful garden. She accepted my offer, warning me, however, that I must pick the bushes clean, then added with one of her rare smiles, “if you pick a peck I will give you five cents.'' “Oh, I'm going to help all day," I answered joyfully and started for the currant patch with my measure. I was in haste to begin. Then I thought perhaps I’d better get a drink of water first. Just as I reached the pump I heard my aunt’s voice. The amusement in her tones, coupled with grandmother's assenting, “I think a couple of hours in the hot sun will be enough, especially when the rest of the children start for the woods,’’ it was all that was necessary to rouse the spirit of “I will not give up’’ in me. Straight back to those currants I went and though the sun shone hotter and hotter, though my knees were cramped and sore, my fingers tired and scratched, though the perspiration trickled down my back,—and worst of all, —I knew that under the shadow of my old straw hat a few tears had left a trail on my dusty freckled cheeks, I picked currants. Though at dinner time the peek measure was more than filled, when grandmother went back to the currant pateh I went too. Not one word did grandmother say about quitting and it was some years before I discovered that she had seen me as I left the well and understood my desire not to be thought a quitter. I was too tired to want any supper and was glad to have my aunt lift me up in the old-fashioned high bed; yet there was satisfaction in my heart when she said, “you worked too long in that hot sun, I hope you won’t be sick." “Well anyhow I didn’t quit if you did think I would,” was my triumphant answer. Aunt looked at me for a moment, “Well if you don't beat all the stubborn young ones I ever see.” Oh dear, why did they always have to say that to me. Every bit of my pleasure was gone. Why should this boy's father and my aunt call us stubborn.

I couldn't understand them, and though I’m considerably older I cannot understand yet why we should be called stubborn. I helped pick the currants. 1 learned a lesson that has helped me all through life. You can do things if you make up your mind to, even if you don’t like the job. Some times I think the more obstacles there are, the surer I am to win out.

I’m sure this boy who is sticking to the job he took, even though he may wish some times he could go and play basketball, or some of the many other things the rest of the boys are doing, is learning a lesson that will prove invaluable whether he chooses to be a farmer or lawyer. I'm for the stubborn disposition every time, when it comes to stiek-to-it-ivness.

And don’t you tell this editor man, but writing this afternoon is a good deal like picking those currants. But 1 wouldn’t quit, and there are no tears either. Because I learned better in my grandmother's garden. Hope you will all have a Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. Hope to see you all at the midwinter meeting. I'm just about as interested in conventions as I am in State Fair. I’m in hopes to go early and stay late. You see I'm hoping to get some new ideas for I'm getting a little bit like the man who 'said, gracious. I haint got an ideer left.

Good bye,

Johnnie.

Federation of Horticultural Industries

At the recent convention of the American Pomological Society held in Columbus, Ohio, there was perfected an organization which will exert a profound influence on the fruit business of the country, producers and consumers alike.

The federated horticultural industries are to be merged into the enlarged American Pomological Society, which is to be a clearing house of all the industries interested and allied with horticulture, including representation of big fruit exchanges; marketing organizations; fruit growers from all the states and Canada; spray machinery manufacturers; spray material manufacturers; orchard fertilizer companies; fruit package manufacturers; nurserymen and others.

It is planned to have a Washington representative, and an executive officer located in Chicago-Both the public and the fruitgrowers will be greatly benefited thru plans for improved distribution, better transportation, better grading and packing.

Educational work will be undertaken to increase domestic consumption of fruit and fruit products.

Development of export trade, particularly European, South American pud Australian.

One of the primary objects of this federated horticultural board is to maintain a Washington office to insure proper recognition and protection of the vast American Horticultural resources. The Chicago business office will handle matters pertaining to distribution, transportation, such as freight rates, securing sufficient cars to move the crop, and general direction of all matters except those pertaining to legislation.

It is planned to co-operate closely with the American Federation of Farm Bureaus in all matters affecting legislation. These new activities are added to the functions of the American Pomological Society, whieh for 75 years has been the supreme court of all amateur and scientific horticulture, affecting the United States and Canada.

The scientific and amateur horticulturists will continue to eon-dueit this work as they have done for the past 75 years, but the Industrial Departments of this giant organization will be in the hands of the leading practical orehardists and business men of the horticultural world. Such activities will be directed by the officers and an executive committee composed of the leading fruit men of the country. The president is Professor L. II. Bailey, of Ithaca, N. Y., the most noted authority in the horticultural world. First Vice President, C. J. Tyson of Floradale, Pa., one of the managers of American Fruit Growers, Inc., the largest and most extensive fruit producing and marketing company in the United States. Canadian Vice President Professor W. T. Maeoun, director of the Dominion Experiment Farms, Ottawa, Canada. The executive committee comprises II. H. Ilardie of Hudson, Mich., representing manufacturers of spraypumps, G. M. Minnich. Cleveland, representing Insectcide manufactures, Paul Stark of Louisiana, Mo., representing nurserymen, J. L. Dumas, Waitesburg, Washington, representing western apple-growers, Dr. C. A. Bingham, Ohio, representing middle-west apple-growers, A. J. Evans, Fort. Valley, Georgia, representing southern peach growers, Frederic Craneficld, Madison, Wis., representing State Horticultural Societies.

Professor R. B. Cruikshank of the Ohio State University, will act as Secretary until the general offices are located, and a permanent executive secretary employed.

Butternuts were a good crop in some sections this year. Why not plant more trees to raise more nuts? They will do well in the windbreak, pasture or on a sheltered part of the yard. The nutmeats are much used in making bread, cakes or cookies.

California fruit growers are reported as spending $5,000,000 a year to get rid of 12 insects in orchards covering about 1,000,-000 acres.

j AS WE WERE j

Wisconsin Ho rticultu re

O*r~l 'Afaa a/ Maraaaa S<a»»          S-W;

Wisconsin horticulture

Published Monthly by the Wisconsin State Horticultural Society 12 N. Carroll St

Official organ of the Society.

FREDERIC CRANEFIELD, Editor. Secretary W. S. H. S., Madison, Wis.

Enter d at the postoffice at Madison, Wisconsin, as s co nd class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of Oct. 3, 1917, autborlz d July 15. 101S.

Advertising rates made known on application.

Wisconsin State Horticultural Society

Annual membership fee, one dollar, which includes fifty cents, subscription price to Wisconsin Horticulture. Semi one dollar to Frederic Cranefleld, Editor, Madison, Wis.

Remit by Postal or Express Money Order. A do.’lar bill may be sent safely if wrapped or attached to a card. Personal checks accepted.

Postage stamps not accepted.

J. A. Hays..,................... PreRldent

F. Cranefleld. Secretary-Treasurer... ...Madison

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

J. A. Hays..............................Ex-Offido

F. Cranefield ...........................Ex-Offido

1st Diet., Win. Longland..........Lake Geneva

tod Dist., R. J. Coe................Ft. Atkinson

8rd Dist., E. J. Frautschi..............Madison

4tb Diet., A. Leldiger ................Milwaukee

5tb Dlst., Jas. Livingstone .........Milwaukee

6th Diet., H. C. Christensen...........Oshkosh

7th Dist., Wm. Toole, Sr...............Baraboo

8th Dlst., J. E. Leverich.................Sparta

9th Dlst., L. E. Birmingham.....Sturgeon Bay

M>th Dist., Paul E. Grant............Menomonie

11th Diet., Irving Smith ................Ashland

BOARD OF MANAGERS

J. A. Hays. President................Gays Mills

A New Face

A new cover greets you this month. Do you like it? The design used until this month first appeared December 1912 but with solid or black lettering. After a few months a subscriber in Milwaukee wrote: “Your cover design is almost pretty; will you permit me to redraw it with open letters?’’ Why certainly, pleased indeed, and so it has appeared until this new year.

This cover was designed by a student in art at the University of Wisconsin and selected by the editor from a group of fourteen submitted in a contest. Six others have been retained and will be used later. Was the student a boy or girl? You may guess.

Are Your Debts Paid

In the coin of everyday life, yes. It is taken for granted that you have paid all you owe in dol-las and cents. But is it not true that you also owe a debt to your neighbor, to your community? Do you value the tree or shrub that you have planted ? Have you urged others to do likewise? You have a good garden: Have you helped your neighbor to improve his? The roadsides and the school grounds in your neighborhood may be ragged and unsightly: Have you enlisted the help of your neighbors to improve them ? Have you paid your debts'?

Exhibitions by Local Societies

The general executive committee at the January 1920 meeting authorized the Board of Managers to offer a bonus of $25.00 to each local society holding an exhibition of garden products, the amount to be expended for premiums. Four societies took advantage of the offer, Lake Geneva, Oshkosh, Bayfield and West Allis.

There was only one requirement ; that a report should be submitted to the Secretary of the State Society giving the premium list, the prize awards and the estimated total attendance.

It is impractical to give these reports in full but in justice to these societies, to which great credit is due, a summary of each is given.

Lake Geneva Gardeners’ and Foremens’ Association — Prizes totaling $202.75. Under 30 prize numbers there were 120 exhibitors ranging from 9 contestants in 25 pods green beans and bunch parsley to one each in leeks, parsnips and apples. The show was held August 25, the attendance exceeding one thousand.

Oshkosh Horticultural Society —total prizes offered $33.00 of which $7.50 was for vegetables, $4.75 for strawberries and the balance for flowers largely peonies. There were seven prize winners. The show was held Thursday and Friday, June 18th and 19th. Attendance not reported.

West Allis Horticultural Society—prize money $35.75 divided equally between flowers and vegetables with a preponderance of prizes for childrens’ gardens. Meeting opened by mayor with 200 people present. Many books were offered as prizes. Total attendance estimated at 600.

Bayfield Peninsula Horticultural Society—Exhibit in Bay-field Sept. 29th and 30th. Total prizes offered amounted to $116.50. Number of exhibitors 63. Estimated attendance 300.

These formal reports do not divulge the real spirit of the movement, do not tell of the keen rivalry amongst the youngsters, the pleasure and deep sense of satisfaction felt by those who planned and executed the work. These things cannot be expressed in terms of dollars and cents or “total attendance.” There is also the community spirit strengthened, the good fellowship, the “camaraderie” that comes from association and friendly competition that cannot be measured. Let’s do it again next year and let the other locals be heard from.

I Shall Pass This Way But Once

The extremely early date on which copy was needed for this issue may account for lack of word from our many pilgrims. At least none has sent the pilgrim editor a message. Perhaps it is the busy holiday season, or perhaps our readers do not care to give, only to receive. One month more will decide. Here is a chance, fellow members, to make the world just a wee bit better, for the world is made up of people and the better the people the better the world.

Will you turn aside for a moment to help make life just a trifle better? Perhaps you think it a silly or an idle thing to do, this printing of little stories and verses, but if you do it is only because you cannot realize the far reaching, the tremendous effect of the printed or spoken word. There are all too many harsh words spoken and written in this world, all too many on the absorbing topic of how to get on in the world, in accumulating riches and, alas, too few that breathe kindness. There is a verse running thru my head which laggard Memory refuses exact expression but it goes like this:

“Kind words are more than coronets

And simple faith than Norman blood.”

If not quoted correctly will someone please set me aright.

I fear “grown-ups,” all of us, reckon too lightly the influence that a kind word or two may ex

ert on the boy or girl. Here is an example:  A country boy, aged

9 or 10, perhaps, the youngest of the family, who had been trained to believe that he didn’t amount to anything at all, a mere infant who must always and under all circumstances, be seen but not heard, was playing around the farmyard one winter day when a neighbor drove up to a gate and called out to this “submerged tenth”, “Young man will you please open that gate for me?” Did he do it? With one jump he reached the gate and swung it open and afterwards carefully closed it. Not only that but it was one of the turning points in his life. YOUNG MAN! Do you get that? No longer an infant but a young man for in this boy’s heart were the same aspirations, the same longings to be a grown up, a man, as throb in every boy’s heart. From that day he held his head a little higher for was he not now a young man and not “boy” or “kid.” His hair is grizzled now, and very unruly, and Uncle Will has long since gone to the just reward which was surely his but “young man” has never forgotten that day.

Well, what have you to tell, surely something. It’s almost your last chance.

Pilgrim Editor.

Time to Organize Local Horticultural Societies

This is the season of the year to organize. Cooperation and organization among farmers is in the air these days and wonderful results have been accomplished particularly thru the Farm Bureau Federation.

Horticulturists, whether amateur or professional do not need the kind of organizations mentioned as much as a simpler form, a club or gathering of those having common interests and desires.

In almost every city and smaller town it should be easy to organize a horticultural society or garden club which, for best results should be composed of both city and country people. Meetings can be held during the winter to discuss garden problems and during the summer and fall meetings Saturday afternoon tours of gardens, comparing notes, etc., and ending with a lawn party followed by garden talks. This is just the plan followed by some of the most successful of the local societies. Why not in your neighborhood?

Auxiliary to State Society

The local societies are all affiliated with the State Society, special provision being made in the constitution for their admission as auxiliary societies.

While the fee for annual membership in this Society is one dollar, for members of locals it is but fifty cents.

The State Society also agrees to send an expert gardener to the local once or oftener each year to answer questions or give instruction 1:0 amateur or professional gardeners. Each local society is entitled to a delegate to the annual convention of the State Society who has voting power in selecting members of the General Executive Committee.

How to Organize

Organization is a simple matter. Two or three people who have the firm conviction that such a society is needed can “put across’’ the whole thing very easily. The main thing is advertising; use every possible means to get people out for the first meeting. If after all your efforts only a dozen people come you may be sure that every one of the dozen means business so don’t be discouraged. Select a chairman, adopt the briefest possible constitution and by-laws, elect officers, fix a date for the next meeting and then go out and do more advertising. After the first good program other.-, will come flocking in and success is certain.

For the use of local societies the following constitution is suggested. It has been adopted by every local society organized during the past ten years. Bylaws consistent with local needs may be adopted as occasion requires.

Constitution For A Local Society

Article I. This Society shall be known as the --------

Society.

Article II. Its object shall be the advancement of the art and science of horticulture.

Article III. Its officers shall consist of a President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and an Executive Committee consisting of the fpre-going officers and three additional members of whom four shall constitute a quorum at any of its meetings. All of the above named officers shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting ot the Society and hold office one year or until their successors are elected.

Article IV. The Society shall hold its annual meeting on the--and such other meetings as the executive committee may direct.

Article V. The fee for annual membership shall be One Dollar of which fifty cents shall be for membership in the State Horticutural Society as provided by the Constitution of the State Society.

Remember someone must start the ball rolling, the rest will follow easily. Little money but considerable energy is needed to maintain an active organization and you are the one who must do it. Any community in the state that will call a meeting and give reasonable assurance that a society or club can be formed with at least 15 charter members the secretary will send some one from the state society to help in organizing and give an address on horticulture if two weeks’ notice is given.

Here We Have Another Suggestion

A Milwaukee florist who is even worse than Mr. Joker referred to on p. 73 of the December number writes: “I don’t know what they do in Madison but in Milwaukee we do not call dahlia roots “bulbs’’ but if you must then why not include cannas?” That’s a very good idea and covers the point raised. Not with the thought of closing the incident but merely to learn the facts the editor has written to the writer of the original note who lives in Minnesota to solve the riddle. No doubt they have some things in Minnesota foreign both, to Madison and Milwaukee.

Our latest recruit is the La

Crosse County Horticultural So-

Raising Cyclamen for Seed

“I am writing for information in caring for Cyclamen. 1 have four very small plants which I am trying to grow, having planted the seed early last spring.

I would like to know under what conditions they grow best, if a plenty of water and a south window and what kind of soil?’’

Ans. Only highly skilled florists, specialists, can grow fine specimen plants of Cyclamen from seed.

The large plants common at Christmas, since the exclusion of Azaleas and Rhododendrons, are grown from seed planted in July or August of the preceding year and very carefully tended everyday. A light soil, filled with humus (decaying vegetable matter), plenty of light, careful watering, the prompt removal of every disease affected leaf, these are a few of the things specialists will tell you are essential to success. There is much else that he cannot tell you, a “knack” that neither he nor anyone else can explain for plants speak a language that only those who know them well can understand and it is not translatable into words.

The amateur will get most satisfaction from Cyclamen by buying a partly grown plant from the florist in August or September. After blooming the top will die and the bulb (corm) should be kept dormant for a few weeks when it may be potted and will give a few flowers the following November or December.

ciety, organized Dee. 10th with sixteen charter members. Four village or community societies are to be organized in the countyauxiliary to the county society.

Origin of Tall Bearded Irises

By Walter Stager, (Illinois)

[Written expressly for The Flower Grower, Calcium, N. Y.]

The name “German Irises” has been given to a group of species of the bearded Irises, and it came about in this way:

Linnaeus, the Swedish naturalist, regarded as the father of modern botany, in considering the subject of botanical nomenclature settled upon the plan of giving each known plant two names: a genus-name consisting of a single word, and a species name consisting of a single word expressing some obvious character of the species. In 1753 he issued his Species Plantarum, and in it, for one form of the genus Iris, he adopted the name “Iris Germanics ”—founding the species of that name—with the remark that it is an inhabitant of Germany. The descriptive text is: “Iris cor-rolis barbatis, eaule folius longi-ore multifloro. ”• In this species the beard is confined to the midrib of the falls. In time this bearded Iris came to be regarded as the type of a group of species of tall, bearded Irises—tall as compared with the pumilae and other dwarf species—in which the beard is confined to the midrib, and so the name “German,” derived from the name of the species named “germanica,” was applied to the group.

“German,” as applied to the so-called group of Irises, is a misnomer. No species included in the group has ever been known to be native to Germany—not even any of the varieties of the

•Iris with bearded little crown, and ■with many-flowered stem longer than the leaves. species botanieally called “ger-manica.”

Of late, especially in the United States, there has been a growing inclination to substitute some other name for this group. “Germanica” will probably be retained as the name of the species so named by Linnaeus, for strictly botanical names are seldom changed—certainly not for merely sentimental reasons. For the retention of “German,” however, as applied to the group, there seems to be less reason, especially in view of the number of species included in the group, and the names being inaccurate and misleading as to each of them.

As the beard of Iris germanica is the principal characteristic that causes this species to be regarded as the type of tall bearded species similarly bearded, “Tall Bearded Irises” seems to be an appropriate substitute for “German Irises,” especially as it conforms to Linnaeus’ plan of naming plants—adopting a name expressing an obvious characteristic.

There is a specimen in Linnaeus’ herbarium, which is now in the possession of the Linnaean Society, in London, labelled “Iris Germanica,” but neither it—the label having been written by Linnaeus’ son—nor his description of “Iris Germanica,” in his Species Plantarum, is sufficient to enable one to identify any one of the varieties now generally listed, by plantsmen, in the division “Iris Germanica,” as the type of the species founded by Linnaeus.*

The common blue form is prob-

•This information received through courtesy of Dr. L. H. Bailey, Professor at Cornell University. ably the one that has been taken, by modern monographers, as the type of the germanica division.

Magnolia Grandiflora

Nurtured in the low lands and river valleys of the South, there is to be found a tree, which, if it had chosen to abide along the Riviera and picked its home in the balmy lands of Southern France and Italy, it would have found its place in fable, song and story and been known the world around. But, like many things worth while, it has sought no advertisement, and is contented with the place it holds in the moss-covered forests of a fair south land, and in the hearts of those who love it best. Surrounded by the giant live oaks festooned with hoary moss, the Magnolia is contented to bloom and laden with heavy-sweetness the dreamy southern atmosphere, and mingle its perfume with the air that is pregnant with the melodies of our greatest feathered choirester, the Mocking bird.

From the top-most tip of the great flowered Magnolia, whose heavily scented blooms reflect the mellow moonlight, then is poured forth, a song of greatest ecstas-ties from the bursting throat of the southern song' bird, who chants his love melodies to the moon beams as they smooth out all of nature’s harshness and make the southern evenings the joy of lovers, who see the future in all its beauty and grandeur, who have no thoughts of life’s trials and sorrows.

Known by name to some the world over, by sight to many in the southland, but loved, rever-Continued on page 93

MAGNOLIA GRANDIHDRA

Continued from page 91 eneed and honored by a few who recognize it as the most typical and greatest, southern broad-leafed evergreen, the Magnolia grandiflora is worthy of a place in the hall of fame of America’s greatest trees.

It is well adapted to all sections south of the latitude of Atlanta in the east and Memphis in the west. It should find its place upon lawns and along driveways of the south. It should so mark our landscape, that those, who travel in our midst, could not fail to carry away the memory of the gorgeous flower, the glistening of its leaves and the sweetness of its perfume, and when the south is mentioned, in the minds of ar-boral lovers, it should spell the name of Magnolia grandiflora.

T. II. McHatton, Horticulturist.

The Golden Delicious Apple

The Golden Delicious is certainly a remarkable apple both as to color and quality but more particularly as to its habit of bearing. It bears, apparently in a wholly impartial way, both from lateral and terminal buds as ■well as from spurs. This at least was true in the ease of the top grafts on an old tree in the grounds of Mr. Lloyd Stark of Stark Bros., the introducers. The (four?) year tree in the test orchard showed the same tendency as to bearing from terminal buds and in a lesser, but still pronounced, degree from lateral buds, that is, of the previous year’s growth.

Numerous unsolicited testimonials and photographs in the offices of Stark Bros., testify to the very early bearing habit of this variety, trees at two years bearing a dozen or more fruits. Trees of this age were too young, of course, to have formed spurs and must have borne from lateral buds.

If this apparent tendency holds under varying conditions of soil and treatment then we have a new apple of very great merit.

So far as Wisconsin is concerned it must be tested tlioroly for hardiness before it can be recommended for planting in commercial orchards.

In the case of the amateur, however, the question is different. No one who has seen this beautiful apple can resist its appeal and will hasten at once to find a square rod of ground wherein he can plant a tree of Golden Delicious whether he lives in Missouri or Saskatchewan.

The Juneberry, highbush cranberry, wild grape, buffalo berry and sandcherry are both ornamental and useful for fruit, especially in districts where standard fruits are hard to grow. Why not try some of them?

Make a study now of vegetables and fruits which will do well in your community and plan to use them next year. Know varieties and order them from responsible seeds men.

Keep chrysanthemum stock plants cool and do not encourage growth till January or February. March is plenty early enough to take cuttings.

Fio. 1            JtO 2          Flo 3

BERRY BOXES

Crates, Bushel Boxes and Climax Baskets

As You Like Them

We manufacture the Ewald Patent Folding Berry Boxes of wood veneer that give satisfaction. Berry box and crate material in the K. D. in earload lots our specialty. We constantly carry in stock 16 quart crates all made up ready for use, either for strawberries or blueberries. No order too small or too large for us to handle. We can ship the folding boxes and crates In K. D. from Milwaukee. Promptness Is essential in handling fruit, and we aim to do our part well. A large discount for early orders. A postal brings our price list.

Cumberland Fruit Package Company

Dept. D, Cumberland, Wis.

The Hawks Nursery Company

are in a position to furnish high grade Nursery Stock of all kinds and varieties suitable to Wisconsin and other northern districts.

Will be glad to figure on your wants either in large or small quantities.

Wauwatosa, Wis.

Is Banding Injurious?

A writer in one of the leading agricultural papers states: “It is poor policy to band trees with sticky or greasy substances to prevent insects going up. While it prevents the insects climbing, it seems to be only a question of time when the material kills the tree, especially thin barked trees. ’ ’

This question was referred to Dr. E. B. Fracker, state entomologist, who says:

Banding trees with sticky substances has long been recommended for the control of climbing insects, such as cankerworms, tussock moths, gipsy and brown-tail moths, and ants which may carry plant lice.

Two forms of these bands are recommended by park superintendents and tree surgeons as being harmless to trees. One is Tree Tanglefoot, made by the O. & W. Thum Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan. The other is “ Raupenleim ’’ which the owner can mix for himself and which is used extensively in gipsy moth control in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.

Too much confidence should not be placed in banding as it is useful only for the insects named, but for them it is a valuable control measure. The writer has never heard of the two substances described above injuring trees. Perhaps the writer is referring to tar, printer’s ink, and some other compounds which are unquestionably harmful

‘‘Grass-mulch culture plus fertilization with quickly available nitrogenous plant food, gave an average gain of 22.2 barrels of apples, or a net cash gain of $71.48 per acre per year over the tillage-cover-crop system without fertilization. * * *

‘‘Under the grass-mulch method of culture, fertilization with nitrogenous plant food gave a gain of 37.8 barrels of apples, or a net cash gain of $106.96 per acre per year, over no fertilisation in the same section. • » *

"There is littie difference in results, so far as fruit production

The nitrogenous fertilizer for the orchard should be applied three weeks before blossom time, and should be in a quickly available form. The ideal nitrogenous fertilizer, therefore, is Arcadian Sulphate of Ammonia. It is very quickly available and because of its non-leaching property can be applied early without danger of its being washed away. is concerned, whether the fertilizer be applied in circles beneath the outer extremities of the branches of trees or over the entire tree-squares of ground.

“The advantage of the treesquare of “all over” plan of applying the fertilizer in grassmulch orchards Is that, in addition to increasing fruit production, the vegetation of the orchard ground is likewise increased, affording a greater quantity of mulch material.” (From Ohio Bulletin No. 339—“Orchard Rejuvenation in Southeastern Ohio”)

Apply from 100 to 300 pounds per acre, depending on size of trees and their need for increased vigor.

Arcadian is fine and dry. The application may be made by hand, but the more economical way is by means of the grain drill set to feed slowly.

The Farm Orchard

There are many good and well kept orchards in Wisconsin, but as one drives over the state he also discovers many ill kept orchards, trees full of dead limbs, untrimmed, ill shaped, diseased and unsprayed. And, too, more often than otherwise, the soil has not been touched for years, is sod bound, needs plowing up, fertilizing and cropping.

Many of the old orchards are producing seedlings of doubtful quality, and as no spraying is indulged in what apples are produced are more or less scabby and inferior.

The Editor has traveled many miles in Wisconsin this year by auto and as the apple crop is generally good in yield, he has taken more than ordinary notice of orchards, the kinds of apples growing, condition of trees, soil, etc., and in many instances has been very favorably impressed.

We have observed many young orchards well in bearing and of up-to-date varieties and have noticed that many such orchards have been sprayed and that the fruit is perfect and the trees heavily loaded. But on the very next farm perhaps we have found exactly opposite conditions.

All of which shows that the fault lies with the owner. The soil is practically the same in many cases, every condition is favorable to the production of fine apples in abundance, but one farmer has failed while his neighbor has an orchard of which any man might well be proud. So it is up to the owner of the farm and orchard to wake up and produce good apples sufficient for his family needs at least.

Some farmers say, “Oh, I haven't time to bother with an orchard.’’ Why not? It requires time and is a bother to grow potatoes, to milk cows or do any kind of work on the farm and while it pays, of course, to grow potatoes, or to do general farm work, so it pays to grow good apples. Possibly it doesn’t pay in dollars and cents to produce potatoes or apples, but it pays in good health, satisfaction and real enjoyment, and yes, if apples aid digestion and add to good health, then it pays in dollars and cents to provide them.

And there is no fruit produced on earth the equal of good apples ; no fruit so healthy, so long keeping, and that can be used by the housewife in so many excellent ways.

We all like other kinds of fruit, but we soon tire of other kinds, but never of the apple. It is the long time, the all the year round, the great American favorite fruit.

Wisconin conditions are all right for the growing of fine apples. We now have the tried and proven varieties for this state. We know how, when and with what to spray for all of the diseases and insects that are troublesome to both trees and fruit.

All that is lacking for general excellent results such as may be noted many, many times by the traveler, is the proper disposition and determination to have a good orchard, take proper care of it and grow good apples, plenty for his own use and some to spare.

If no orchard exists lose no time in setting one out. Do it next spring without fail and then take care of it. When it is once in bearing you would not take any price for it.—C. H. Everett. Editor Wis. Agriculturist.

Send for catalogs and make up the garden plan and garden list for next year.

The Jewell Nursery Company

Lake City, Minn.

Established 18d8

Fifty Years Continuous Service

A Complete Stock of Fruit, Shelter and Ornamental Stock i n Hardy Varieties for Northern Planters.

Agents Wanted

OFFICERS OF THE WIS.

Pres. L. C. Jorgensen Green Bay. Vice-Pres. A. C. F. Bartz, Jim Falls.

HONEY THE HEALTH FOOD

Are you as a Beekeeper doing your share to make known to the world the value of honey as food and are 5 ou helping to advertise our product?—or are you permitting your neighbor beekeeper to do all the advertising and then you come in and undersell him?

BEEKEEPERS’ SHORT COURSE

University of Wisconsin,

February 7 to March 17, 1921.

A complete course for practical beekeepers with an opportunity to take courses in Horticulture, poultry and agronomy.

42ND ANNUAL CONVENTION, WISCONSIN STATE BEEKEEPERS’ CONVENTION

Madison, December 2 and 3, 1920.

The annual meeting of the Board of Managers was called at 2 p. m. Wednesday, December 1, at the Senate Chamber, State Capitol. The president appointed the following committee on credentials, Mr. Stealing, Mr. Matzke, and Mr. Hassinger. The following counties were represented:

• 1. A. C. F. Bartz—Chippewa Valley Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 2. Geo. Breitrick—Fox River Valley Bee Ass’n.

• 3. L. C. Jorgensen—Brown  Co.

Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 4. John Kneser—Milwaukee County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 5. F. F. Stelling—N. E. Wisconsin Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 6. J. G. McKerlie—Grant Co. Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 7. Sam Post—Dane County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 8. A. H. Seefeldt — Washington County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 9. C. Kruse—Sauk County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

STATE BEEKEEPERS’ ASSN.

Treas. C. W. Aeppler, Oconomowoc. Secy. H. F. Wilson, Madison.

THE WISCONSIN HONEY PRODUCERS’ COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION

An organization composed' entirely of producers has been formed among Wisconsin beekeepers for the purpose of marketing and distributing honey. Corporation papers were filed on December ninth and the office established at Madison. It is not expected that we will be able to accom. plish a great deal for the 1920 crop but we hope to be able to do something for the members of the association in 1921. Every beekeeper with more than twenty colonies of bees should belong to this association.

The purpose of this association is to secure a fair and reasonable price for honey and every beekeeper should support it by taking out at least one share of stock. The par value is $lu a share. Write to the temporary secretary for details and a subscription blank.

H. F. Wilson, Secretary-Treasurer. ^{1 2} inviting the State Beekeepers’ Ass’n. to hold its summer meeting at Chippewa Falls was read by the secretary. After much discussion Mr. Badtz made a motion to have a summer meeting of the state association held in connection with the University Beekeepers’ Conference and Chautauqua which is to be held August 15 to 20. This was seconded by Mr. Jorgensen and passed by the Board. After further discussion Mr. Seefeldt moved¹ that the summer meeting be held at Chippewa Falls. This motion was seconded and carried.

The secretary recommended to the Board of Directors that the beekeepers in this convention ask a grant from the state of $1,000 for the purpose of holding annual! meetings, publication of reports and papers containing practical information concerning beekeeping and to promote the industry in Wisconsin.

Following a discussion, Mr. Jorgenson moved that a committee of three be appointed with the secretary to act as chairman to draw up resolutions asking for an appropriation of $3,000 for the purpose of promoting the bee industry of the state of Wisconsin, also to draft or amend the laws as are now on the statutes to protect the bee industry', which was carried'. The committee appointed was Mr. Wilson, Mr. Jorgensen, and Mr. Hassinger.

The secretary brought up the matter of the American Honey Producers’ League and told of a plan whereby those members of the association who so desired, could join, while those who did not wish to do so would' not be compelled to join. Mr. Parks then explained the league, its object and value.

Mr. Jorgensen moved that a committee of three be appointed to investigate to the best of their ability the membership of the League and report to the state convention. This motion was passed, and the committee was appointed consisting of Mr. Bartz, Mr. Bishop, and Mr. Matzke.

Mr. Bartz moved that we continue the contract with Wisconsin Horticulture at the increased rate of 50 cents per member, and this motion was carried'.

A motion by Mr. Hassinger that a committee of three be appointed to consider the grading law was passed and Mr. Bartz, Mr. Kneser, and Mr. SteKing were appointed to act on the committee.

Mr. Wilson moved that the Legislative Committee be given authority to work in conjunction with the of fleers of the State Department of Agriculture and to secure an increased appropriation for the inspection work.

The meeting of the Board of Directors adjourned at 5:45 p. m.

The convention was called to order at 9:15 a. m. Thursday, December 2 at the Senate Chamber, State Capitol. The minutes of the last convention were read by the secretary and approved by the convention. The report of the Board of Managers was read by the secretary and the following recommendations presented co the convention for their consideration.

(Recommendations)

The Board of Directors nake the following recommendations to the state association:

• 1. That a summer meeting of the state association to be held in connection with the Beekeepers’ eSchool and Chautauqua which is to be held the third week in August.

• 2. That the summer meeting be held at Chippewa Falls.

• 3. That a resolution be adopted by the State Association requesting the Legislature to appropriate the sum of $3,000 for the purpose of promoting and protecting the bee industry of the State of Wisconsin. The resolution is presented as follows:

• (a) Whereas, the beekeeping industry is now recognized as tenth in importance among Wisconsin industries by the Wisconsin Manufacturers’ association, and

• (b) Whereas, the honey production in the state can be increased hundreds of tons from natural resources already present, namely, the clovers, basswood trees, dandelion, buckwheat, berries, and fruit bloom, and

• (c) Whereas, it is generally known that bees aid greatly in the cross pollination of these plants and cause an increased production of seed and fruit, and

(c) Whereas, the beekeeping industry has received no financial aid from the state for the promotion and building up of the industry, and

Whereas, financial aid is now being given to help promote the interests of other agricultural and horticultural industries.

Be it resolved, that we, the Wisconsin State Beekeepers’ Association, re-spectfu’ly request an appropriation of $3,000 to be expended through the Wisconsin Beekeepers’ Association in promoting and advancing the beekeeping industry by means of bee and honey displays, state beekeepers’ convention, annual reports and other publications including monthly market and crop reports.

• 4. A committee was appointed to investigate membership in the National Honey Producers’ League and to sub

mit a report to the convention this morning. The report of this committee was as follows                :

“Your committee appointed by the Board of Managers to investigate the advisability of the Wisconsin State Beekeepers’ Association affiliating with the National Honey Producers’ League beg to report as follows:

That after careful investigation and consideration, we find that if 100 individual members of the Wisconsin Beekeepers’ Association will join the National Honey Producers’ League, at a minimum cost or fee of $100 each and $1 fee for each additional member, our association may become affiliated and your committee would recommend that the association affiliate with the National Honey Producers’ League on the above specified conditions.”

Respectfully submitted,

A. C. F. Bartz.

• F. E. Matzke, L. T. Bishop.

• 5. That the contract with Wisconsin Horticulture be continued through the coming year.

• 6. A committee appointed to report on the grading law offered the following recommendations:

"We, the committee oppointed by the Board of Managers for the purpose of revising the present honey grading law, after a careful Investigation of same, have arrived at the conclusion that it would be best under the present conditions to have a permanent committee of three appointed to further consider the advisability of changes In the now existing grading laws. For the reason that there is a possibility of this association to affiliate with the Honey Producers League, which might make further important changes necessary, such a committee is to report at the next annual convention of the Wisconsin State Beekeepers’ Association.” Respectfully,

A. C. F. Bartz,

• F. F. Stelling, John Kneser.

• 7. That the Legislative Committee be authorized to aid the State Department of Agriculture in securing an increased appropriation for apiary inspection work.

A motion was made and carried that each of the recommendations be taken up separately.

Recommendation 1. Since Resolutions 1 and 2 both referred to the summer meeting, they were included in one motion. Mr. Bartz moved that these two recommendations be approved by the convention as read and the motion was carried.

Recommendation 3. This recommendation was discussed to considerable length. Mr. H. L. McMurry suggested that the amount be amended to read $1,000 because of a possible conflict with inspection work and Mr. Fracker then made a motion that the phrase “except for the prevention of bee diseases” be added to Section D of this recommendation. This was carried and the resolution as amended was:

That a resolution be adopted by the State Association requesting the Legislature to appropriate the sum of $1,000 for the purpose of promoting and protecting the bee industry of the State of Wisconsin. The resolution is presented as follows:

• (a) Whereas, the beekeeping industry is now recognized as tenth in importance among Wisconsin industries by the Wisconsin Manufacturers’ Association and

• (b) Whereas, the honey production in the state can be Increased hundreds of tons from natural resources already present, namely, the clovers, basswood trees, dandelion, buchwheat, berries, and fruit bloom, and

• (c) Whereas, it is generally known that bees aid greatly In the cross pollination of these plants and cause an increased production of seed and fruit, and

• (d) Whereas, the beekeeping industry has received no financial aid from the state for the promotion and building up of the Industry and except for the prevention of bee diseases; and

Whereas, financial aid is now being given to help promote the interests of other agricultural and horticultural Industries,

Be it resolved, that we, the Wisconsin State Beekeepers’ Association, respectfully request an appropriation of $3,000 to be expended through the Wisconsin Beekeepers’ Association in promoting and advancing the beekeeping Industry by means of bee and honey displays, state beekeepers’ convention, annual reports, and other publications including monthly market and crop reports.

Recommendation 4. At this time Mr. Parks again explained the American Honey Producers’ League and its value to the beekeeping industry and following a short discussion by him a recess was called by the President to permit Mr. Blumenfeld to explain his grader.

After a recess of 15 minutes, the convention was again called to order to consider the recommendation on the American Honey Producers’ League and the discussion was continued. Mr. Parks was asked regarding the number of associations affiliated with the American Honey Producers’ League and replied that there were 24.

Mr. Stel’ing made a motion that Recommendation No. 4 regarding the National Honey Producers’ League be adopted, which was corried unanimously.

Recommendation 5. Mr. Stelling moved that Recommendation No. 5 of the Board of Managers regarding Wisconsin Horticulture be adopted. This motion was carried.

Recommendation 6. A motion was made that the report of the committee on the Grading Law as read be adopted and this motion was carried.

Recommendation 7. A motion was made by Mr. Cherf that the state association authorize its Legislative Committee to ask tor an appropriation of $15,000 instead of $10,000 as asked for in the budget of Department of Agriculture.

After a lengthy discussion this motion was carried.

The secretary’s report for the past year was read and the financial part referred to the Auditing Committee.

Mr. Stelling made a motion that the secretary be authorized to receive the money for the American Honey Producers’ League and later turn it over to the Secretary of that League. This motion was carried.

Mr. Stelling made a motion that the dues be increased to $1.00 and this motion was carried.

The invitation from the Northern Wisconsin Beekeepers’ Association in regard to the summer meeting being held at Antigo was read by the secretary but no action was taken as it had been previously voted to hold this meeting at Chippewa Falls.

The report of the treasurer was read by Mr. Allen and referred to the Auditing Committee.

The president then appointed Mr. Bartz, Mr. Duax and Mr. White as the Auditing Committee.

A recess until 1:30 p. m. was called by the president.

Thursday Afternoon

The meeting was called to order at 1:45 p. m.

The following committees were appointed by the president:

Committee on Resolutions—Mr. Hassinger, Mr. Ta vs, and Mr. Swahn.

Committee on Legislation—Mr. McKerlie, Mr. Matzke, Mr. Seefeldt. Mr. France and Mr. Breitrick.

The President’s Address (this will be printed in Wis. Horticulture). Mr. Runke not being quite ready with his paper, Mr. Hassinger led a discussion on satisfactory honey containers.

Mr. Runke’s paper, “Bees. Animals and Other Things,” brought forth some excellent ideas along the lines of marketing and advertising. Some pertinent facts from Mr. Runke’s paper are quoted.

“Honey is a household necessity not a household luxury.”

“Honey Habit Helps Health.”

“Wisconsin farmers will have to wake up to the fact that they must take interest in products other than their own. There is no substitute for butter and there is no substitute for honey. We must reeducate the American consumer. We are missing one point and that is the education of American people to TRUE values. We could not produce enough to fill the demand in the next ten years if we did this. We need not Worry about over production if we advertise. The possibilities in the honey marketing game are unlimited and we are just about ready to start now.”

The secretary suggested to the convention that this might be an opportune time for the organization of a cooperative marketing association and all of those interested in such an undertaking were requested to meet at the end of the session to discuss the problem.

Mr. Bartz’s paper, “Improving the Demand for Honey," was then read and Mr. Bartz stated that advertising was the onlv medium by which the demand for honey could be improved. (His paper will be printed in Wisconsin Horticulture.)

Mr. Stelling’s paper. “Is the Present Honey Grading Law a Benefit to Wisconsin Beekeepers?” was then read. (This paper will also be printed in Wisconsin Horticulture.)

Mr. Adams then gave his paper, “How the Honey Grading Law is Affecting the Honey Industry.” (This paper will be printed in Wisconsin Horticulture.)

The president allowed a recess of 10 minutes during which time the cooperative marketing association was taken up.

The meeting was then called to order and a motion to adjourn was carried at 4:30 p. m.

An informal meeting was held between 4:30 and 6 o’clock for the discussion of plans for a cooperative marketing association.

Evening Meeting

Mr. Hambleton gave an illustrated lecture on “Facts About Bees We Should Know.” This talk was received with much interest by the beekeepers. The evening meeting closed at 8:45 p. m.

Friday Morning Session

The Nominating Committee being ready to report, a motion was made and carried that the election of officers take place at that time instead of at the business meeting in the afternoon .

Following officers were nominated by the Nominating Committee:

President:: J. E. Cooke, L. E. Jor-

gensen.
Vice President:	A.	C. F. Bartz.		F.
F. Stelling.
Treasurer: C.	W.	Aeppler,	J.	G.
McKerlie. Secretary: H. Hambleton.	F.	Wilson,	J.	I.

The following officers by a majority of vote were declared elected for the ensuing year: President, L. C.

Jorgensen, Green Bay; Vice-President, A. C. Bartz, Jim Falls; Treasurer, C. W. Aeppler, Oconomowoc; Secretary.

• H. F. Wilson, Madison.

The report of the State Apiary Inspector was given by Dr. Fracker.

“The State Department of Agriculture and Apiary Inspection" was the title of a speech made by Mr. C. I'. Norgord.

Mr. Norgord explained the various duties of the State Department of Agriculture and told the beekeepers that the Department would do all they could for the beekeeping interests. He explained how the State Fair, Marketing Division and Apiary Inspection work helped the beekeepers and that the State Fair was an educational institution, publicity institution, and marketing institution.

The next paper, “The Beekeepers’ Folly,” was given by Mr. Swahn. (This will be printed in an early issue of Wisconsin Horticulture and every beekeeper should read this paper.)

Mr. Aeppler’s talk “How the V. S. Weather Bureau Has Helped Me in Successful Wintering” proved to be a very interesting talk and contained points of value to all of our beekeepers.

The morning session closed at.l2:30.

Friday Afternoon

The afternoon session was called to order at 1:40 p. m.

"Producing the Maximum Honey Crop Following Treatment for American Foulbrood” was the title of a paper given by E. W. Atkins of the

• G. B. Lewis Company. (This paper will be printed in Wisconsin Horticulture.)

Mr. Cooke led the discussion, “Beekeeping On a Large Scale.”

Discussion on “How to Market the Honey Crop and Prices for 1921” was led by H. F. W’ilson.

The report of the Resolution Committee was as follows:

• 1. “Whereas, our retiring President, Mr. Dittmer, has given us his best services in the past and during the present year, therefore be it resolved that a rising vote of thanks be extended to Mr. Dittmer in appreciation of his splendid service.

• 2. "Whereas, Mrs. Hildreth, assistant secretary, has received very little compensation for her services, be it resolved that an additional sum of $40 be paid her for her past services.

• 3. "Whereas, it is understood that the Wisconsin Highway Commission is considering the planting of shade trees along all the state highways, and whereas,

"Basswood trees are recognized as hardy shade and whereas said trees would serve a double purpose by increasing the honey crop in the future.

“Therefore, be it resolved that: The Wisconsin State Highway Commission be respectfully reminded that they

would be working for the interests o', the genera public by designating that basswood trees be planted as snadc trees along the trunk lines in Wisconsin.

4. “Be it further resolved that the secretary be instructed to send a copy of the resolution to the Highway Commission.”

Respectfully submitted. Committee, Edw. Hassinger, Jr..

A. Swahn.

A motion was made and carried to consider each resolution separately. Each resolution was considered separately and adopted by the convention except that Resolution No. 4 was amended to read, “Be it further resolved that a committee be appointed to take up this matter with the Highway commission.'*

The committee appointed by the president to take up this matter with the Highway Commission was Mr. McMurry, Mr. Adams, and Mr. Hambleton.

The Auditing committee reported that the Treasurer’s and Secretary’s books were found to be correct.

It was moved that the report of the Auditing Committee be adopted. The report was adopted.

The proposed Budget for next year was then read by the secretary.

Mr. McMurry moved that we pay Mrs. White $5 for last year’s services at the State Fair and that we allow Mrs. Kneser $25 for this year’s work in preparing honey cookies, honey cakes, etc., to be exhibited at the State Fair. This motion was carried.

Mr. Kruse moved that the budget be adopted as read by the secretary and that $150 be set aside for the secretary’s service.

This motion was seconded by Dr. Siebecker and carried.

After some discussion it was decided that a marketing committee was not necessary.

The report of the Grading Committee was as follows:

"We, the committee, appointed by the Board of Managers for the purpose of revising the present honey grading law after a careful investigation of same have arrived at the conclusion that it would be best under the present conditions to have a permanent committee of three appointed to further consider the advisability of changes in the now existing grading laws.

For the reason that there is a possibility of this association to alliliate with the Honey Producers’ League which might make further important changes necessary, such a committee to report at the next annual meeting of the Wisconsin State Beekeepers’ Association.”

Signed:

A. C. F. Bartz, Chr.,

F. F. St el ling, John Kneser.

The report of the Grading Committee was then adopted by the Convention and the president appointed the same committee to act on the permanent committee for the vear of 1921.

A motion that the retiring treasurer be given _a rising vote of thanks for his splendid services was then made and seconded; and a rising vote of thanks was given Mr. Allen.

Mr. Stelling moved that a committee of three be appointed to look into conditions in connection with the beekeeping department at the University with the idea of assisting them in securing funds and space for their work and that this committee should report to the convention at its next meeting.

Mr. Hildeman seconded the motion; it was carried. The president.appointed the following committee:   Mr.

Ste ling. Mr. Cooke, and Mr. Aeppler.

The following motion was th< 11 made:

“Whereas, a great amount of instruction and benefit has been derived

HONEY PRODUCTION, from the interest and assistance given us by the Dean of the College of Agriculture and his staff, the Beekeeping Department and extension workers, State Department of Agriculture, Dr. Fracker, Mr. McMurry, and foulbrood inspectors.

Be it therefore resolved that the Wisconsin State Beekeepers’ Association assembled in convention on this day, extend a vote of thanks to the above men and their departments for their services.

'Phis motion was unanimously carried.

The meeting then adjourned al 4:15 p. m.

Honey Production

In the November issue of the Monthly Crop Report of the United States Department of Agriculture, comparisons of the honey crop for 1920 are made for the various honey producing states and a comparison is made between other years.

A HAPPY “BEEWARE” YEAR!

A HAPPY NEW YEAR TO ALL BEEKEEPERS IS OUR WTSH YOU CAN MAKE IT HAPPIER—MAKE IT A “BEEWARE” YEAR LOOK OVER THE LIST OF IMPROVED APPLIANCES WE OFFER EACH EMBODIES THE QUALITY FOUND ONLY IN OUR GOODS THOUSANDS LOOK FOR THIS MARK—“BEEWARE.” DO YOU!

THREE NEW BRANCH HOISF.S

Eastern and Southern beekeepers will be pleased to know that their increasing patronage has necessitated the opening of three new "Beeware” branches to afford them the service to which they are entitled. Address the G. B. Lewis Company at:

328 Broadway, Albany, New York. Lawyer*, (near Lynchburg). Virginia. 132 Webwter Ave., Memphis, Tennessee.

SOME “BEWARE” SURPRISES

A Lewis 4-way bee escape, faster and better; a new Lewis wiring device, takes any sise frame; Woodman's Big Smoke smoker, for the commercial honey producer; Muth’s improved bee veil, your shoulders won’t push it off; Lewis cappings melter, no overheated honey from cappings; 5-way wood-and-zinc excluder, wire brushed; Honey tanks, heavier and electric welded; metal eyelet end-bars, no sagged brood combs; many other improvements found only in Lewis “Beeware.”

McKAY NURSERY COMPANY

MADISON,      WISCONSIN

Nursery Stock of

Quality

for Particular Buyers

Have all the standard varieties as well as the newer sorts. Can supply you with everything In

Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Vines and Ornamentals.

Let us suggest what to plant both in Orchard and in the decoration of your grounds.

Prices and our new Catalog sent promptly upon receipt of your list of wants.

Nurseries at Waterloo, Wis.

Plan now for the Orchard

you will put out next spring. Also the shrubs and ornamental plants around the home. We have a complete assortment of all the leading sort, to select from. Circular showing many of the leaders in colors “free for the asking.”

THE COE, CONVERSE & EDWARDS CO.

Fort Atkinson, Wis.

BEEKEEPERS

Should send for our booklet on the new MODIFIED DADANT HIVE. The hive with a brood chamber sufficient for prolific queens. OUR CATALOG IS FREE.

DADANT & SONS

Hamilton, Illinois

¹

• 10.  F. E. Matzke—Green County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

²

• Chas. Schroeder—Door County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 12. L. T. Bishop—Sheboygan County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 13. J. J. Angel—Jefferson County Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

• 14. Henry Hograbe—Waukesha Co. Beekeepers’ Ass’n.

Later Mr. E. S. Hildemann, Shawano County Beekeepers’ Association, and Mr. James Cherf, Northern Wisconsin Beekeepers’ Association, were present and acted' on the Board of Managers, making a total of 16 affiliated associations represented on the Board of Directors.

A report of last year’s meeting was read by the secretary and approved by the Board. The secretary then read his financial report which was also approved. A letter from Mr. Putnam, secretary of the Chippewa Falls Commercial Association,